Absalom and achitophel - John Dryden

 

This blog is the part of the thinking activity given by barad sir. In this blog i am going to answer the one of the question given by barad sir. Before answering the question let me introduce you with the poem 

• Absolam and achitophel

"Absalom and Achitophel" is a celebrated satirical poem written by John Dryden, one of the leading poets of the Restoration period in English literature. Published in 1681, this poem is a complex and politically charged work that uses biblical allegory to comment on the political events of its time. Here are some key aspects of "Absalom and Achitophel":

1. Historical Context: 

The poem was written during a tumultuous period in English history. King Charles II ruled, and there was significant political and religious tension. Dryden used the biblical story of King David and his rebellious son Absalom as a metaphor for the contemporary political situation in England.

2. Characters and Allegory:

   - King David represents King Charles II, portraying him as a wise and virtuous ruler.

   - Absalom represents James Scott, the Duke of Monmouth, an illegitimate son of Charles II who rebelled against his father's rule.

   - Achitophel, David's counselor, represents the Earl of Shaftesbury, a political figure who conspired against the king.

3. Satirical Themes:

 Dryden's poem satirizes the political figures and events of his time. He criticizes those who plotted against the king and highlights the chaos and division caused by political intrigue. The poem also touches on themes of loyalty, legitimacy, and the consequences of rebellion.

4. Poetic Style: 

Dryden's writing in "Absalom and Achitophel" is characterized by its eloquence and mastery of heroic couplets (rhymed pairs of iambic pentameter lines). He employs vivid imagery, metaphors, and allusions to convey his message effectively.

5. Moral and Political Commentary:

 Beyond its satirical elements, the poem reflects on broader moral and political questions. It grapples with the idea of rightful succession, the consequences of rebellion, and the role of wise leadership in maintaining stability.

6. Legacy:

 "Absalom and Achitophel" remains one of John Dryden's most famous works and is considered a masterpiece of political satire. It has been studied extensively for its historical and literary significance and continues to be relevant for its commentary on the abuse of power and political machinations.

In summary, "Absalom and Achitophel" is a compelling work of political satire and allegory that uses the biblical story of David and Absalom to comment on the political turmoil and power struggles of the Restoration era in England. Its enduring literary and historical significance has solidified its place in English literature.

Click here for summary of the poem

• Here's the critique of beginning lines of the poem:

Certainly, I can provide a critique of the opening lines of "Absalom and Achitophel," a satirical poem written by John Dryden in 1681. The poem is a political allegory that uses biblical characters to comment on the political situation in England during that time.

The opening lines of "Absalom and Achitophel" set the stage for the poem's satirical tone and political commentary. The poem begins with the following lines:

"In pious times, e'er priest-craft did begin,

Before polygamy was made a sin;

When man on many multiplied his kind,

Ere one to one was cursedly confined;

When Nature prompted, and no law denied

Promiscuous use of concubine and bride;

Then Israel's monarch, after Heaven's own heart,

His vigorous warmth did variously impart

To wives and slaves; and, wide as his command,

Scattered his Maker's image through the land."

Critique:

1. Historical Context: 

Dryden's poem opens with a reference to a time before the restrictions imposed by religious and moral authorities. He uses this historical context to criticize the contemporary political and moral situation in England. This immediately sets the stage for the satirical commentary that follows.

2. Satirical Tone: 

The opening lines establish a satirical tone by highlighting the contrast between the past, when polygamy was accepted, and the present, when it is condemned as a sin. Dryden uses humor and irony to critique the rigid moral standards of his time.

3. Political Allegory: 

The poem is a political allegory, and these lines introduce the character of King David (referred to as "Israel's monarch") and his multiple wives. This serves as an allegorical reference to King Charles II and his many mistresses, commenting on the political and moral issues of the time.

4. Use of Language: 

Dryden's language is rich and poetic, with vivid imagery and metaphors. The reference to "scattered his Maker's image through the land" is a powerful metaphor that suggests the widespread influence of the king.

Overall, the opening lines of "Absalom and Achitophel" effectively set the stage for the satirical and political commentary that runs throughout the poem. Dryden's use of historical context, satire, and poetic language creates a compelling introduction to his work.

Thank you.